Contributo do capital humano para o crescimento econômico estudo de caso para Moçambique de 1996 a 2005

Abstract

Most nations today have the economic growth mentality, where overcoming poverty, stagnation, misery, disease, ignorance and all the problems related to them, constitutes one of the great challenges of humanity, especially in the less developed countries like Mozambique. More broadly, economic growth and improvements in the living conditions of human beings have been one of the great themes that accumulate a great amount of effort on the part of nations. Understanding the nature of the economic growth process constitutes a fundamental starting point for the elaboration of more effective development strategies; but it is no less true that. for such. it becomes necessary to find the main determinants of economic growth. Since the 1950s, a large number of works have been developed with the purpose of accounting for the process of economic growth, among which Solow (1956) and Swan (1956) stand out. where output growth rates were determined by exogenous rates of population growth and technological progress. In this aspect, the works that emphasize the role of human capital in favoring higher levels of productivity have stood out in recent years. However, these works have proved inconclusive given the controversy that this issue raises: on the one hand, the traditional economic theory defended by authors such as Mankiw. Romer and Weil (1992) consider that the difference between growth rates between countries is explained by variations in the level of knowledge and skill of their workers: on the other hand, authors such as Benhabib and Spiegel (1994) point to an absence of correlation between economic growth and the evolution of human capital. (TRADUÇÃO NOSSA)