O sector açucareiro em Moçambique: impacto da política de sobretaxa, tarifa e IVA sobre o bem-estar econômico (1992-2006)

Abstract

The Government of Mozambique, due to the low production verified in the sugar sector in the period 1984/92 driven by the departure of the specialized workforce, the armed conflict and the price and exchange policy, promoted the rehabilitation of the sugar sector through investment private. Many countries around the world such as Brazil, the United States of America, the European Union and countries in Africa faced the same problems of changing political regimes, wars and price policies that led to the fall in production of both sugarcane. sugar like sugar. As a way to minimize this problem, they opted for protectionist policies of charging tariffs, import surcharges and various subsidies and tax exemptions. Mozambique, like other countries worldwide, has also implemented measures for the rehabilitation of the sugar sector. The rehabilitation was carried out in two phases: (i) the privatization of the existing sugar factories; (ii) the reform of the pricing policy by charging a surcharge on sugar imports, in addition to the charging of the sugar import tariff, already in force, as well as the collection of VAT on sugar imports and sugar transfers. The pricing policy contributed to the increase in nominal sugar prices, which led to an increase in production and, consequently, to an increase in sales and consumption of domestic sugar. The analysis of the impact of pricing policies, namely, collection of surcharges, tariffs and VAT on welfare shows a net negative effect, which indicates that the losses resulting from the collection of fees are greater than the gains earned. However, the reform of the Mozambican sugar sector contributed to an increase in employment in the sugarcane and sugar plantations rehabilitated under the reform. (TRADUÇÃO NOSSA)