Análise da competitividade do sector avícola em Moçambique de 2000 à 2009

Abstract

The present work analyzed the competitiveness of the poultry sector in Mozambique from 2000 to 2009. In order to carry out the study, a documentary research was carried out in public institutions, NGOs and field visits to 3 companies (HIGEST- Matola Gare, Irvinis - Liberdade e Sabatana- Matola Gare). The collection of material was done through questionnaires and informal interviews, in a process that ran from January to March 2010. The variables of analysis at work are general information about volume, costs, production capacity, prices and the socio-economic environment of the poultry sector based on the model of the five Porter's forces. The study concluded that: since the national independence, with changes in economic orientation, no basis was created for the integration of activities within the production chain in the poultry sector, which resulted in the failure of Mozambican producers to meet market needs . This resulted in increased imports of frozen chicken which, at present, has been the main competitor of Mozambican poultry farmers. At the national level, there are 3 types of producers (small, medium and large) classified according to their production capacity. Most adopt the independent production system where the responsibility for production and commercialization rests with the producer, but the integrated production system has been developed, which is characterized by stopping the entire production process. In most cases, the production chain is disintegrated due to poor cooperation between poultry farmers and the processes are still manual. On the other hand, it was found that poultry has contributed a lot to the generation of jobs, support of families and to food security because it is a food very rich in proteins and because it is cheaper in relation to other meats. The analysis using the Porter's five forces model allowed us to verify that the factors that most impact the sector's competitiveness are: the negotiating power of the suppliers, government policies and the bargaining power of consumers. At the macroeconomic level, the strategies adopted have been the promotion of the “national” brand and protection policies for import substitution by the Government. (TRADUÇÃO NOSSA)