Determinantes do spread bancário na conjuntura económica do mercado Moçambicano (2015-2021)

Abstract

Nos últimos 10 anos, os agentes económicos têm reclamado que as taxas de juros e, consequentemente, os spreads praticados no sistema bancário de Moçambique são excessivamente elevados. Isso é atribuído aos factores domésticos, tanto microeconómicos (específicos dos bancos comerciais), quanto macroeconómicos do País, em comparação com outros sistemas bancários. Essa situação torna os produtos e serviços financeiros mais caros, limitando a disponibilidade de crédito para investimentos e afectando o desenvolvimento necessário de novos negócios e da economia nacional. 1.647 Over the past 10 years, economic agents have complained that interest rates and, consequently, the spreads practiced in the Mozambican banking system are excessively high. This is attributed to domestic factors, both microeconomic (specific to commercial banks) and macroeconomic factors of the country, compared to other banking systems. This situation makes financial products and services more expensive, limiting the availability of credit for investments and affecting the necessary development of new businesses and the national economy.

Thus, through descriptive and analytical research, the factors that influenced and determined the levels of bank spreads in Mozambique in the period between 2015 and 2021 were analyzed.

The methodology consists of three main aspects: the conceptualization and characterization of micro and macroeconomic factors and, finally, an analysis of their impact on the levels of bank spreads determined by commercial banks.

It is well known that many of the factors mentioned have a significant impact on bank spread levels. In fact, among others, the economic climate, the profiles of banking clients, and the profile of activities are crucial for determining the bank spread.

This research highlights some measures that can be adopted to reduce the bank spread in Mozambique, such as increasing competition in the sector, reducing the operating costs of commercial banks and other financial institutions, decreasing concentration, and more effectively managing credit risk in the banking sector. (TRADUÇAO NOSSA)