Características construtivas das infraestruturas utilizadas na produção de frangos de corte e sua relação com biossegurança, na província de Maputo: distrito de Marracuene

Abstract

This study aimed to analyze the constructive characteristics of the infrastructure used in broiler production and its relationship with the biosecurity of production units in Maputo province, Marracuene district. Thirty-six facilities registered by the District Services of Economic Activities were identified; however, only 14 (38.88%) of the sampled production units were eligible for research. Of these, 12 (85.71%) were small-scale units and 2 (14.28%) were medium-scale units. Based on a semi-structured survey and direct observation, data were collected regarding the characteristics of the production units; the layout of the production units and their relationship with structural biosecurity; construction techniques of the poultry houses; materials used in the construction of the poultry houses; and the constructive elements of the poultry house and their relationship with structural biosecurity. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. The results indicated that 66.7% of small producers (PP) carry out their activities in a total unit area of ​​up to 1000 m2, and medium producers (MP) in areas of up to 20,000 m2, all enclosed by a wall. Approximately 58.3% of PP have been operating for less than 3 years, while MP have been operating for more than 11 years, both using exclusively their own capital; however, all PP as well as MP have their areas located more than 200 m from the main road.

Regarding construction techniques, all PP had pavilions with a North-South orientation, while MP had East-West orientation. PP improvised the floor plan design and the construction was carried out by local masons, while MP resorted to specialized technical assistance and construction contractors. In terms of construction materials, 66.7% of the PP used size 10 blocks and the remaining 33.3% used size 15 blocks; however, for roof support, 75% used beams, chicken wire in a one-sided opening and wooden doors; while 25% opted for iron mesh on the roof, wire mesh in the one-sided opening and metal doors. All used silver corrugated sheets, concrete on the floor and pillars. The MP used 15 blocks, beams on the roof with IBR sheets and a metal skylight, chicken wire in the side openings and metal doors. Regarding the construction elements and the layout of the units, the area of ​​the PP pavilion for the majority (58.3%) was around 30m2, however 41.7% had a floor slope of 1%; low wall up to 60 cm high, approximately 75% do not have footbaths or drainage holes with filters for wastewater, 66.7% have eaves between 0.1 and 0.8 m. However, the MP had pavilions with an area above 1560 m2, floor slope up to 2%, functional footbaths, adequate separation between clean, dirty and buffer areas. In environmental terms, 85.7% have trees in the surrounding area. The data demonstrate that most of the PP infrastructures do not follow the recommended technical standards, compromising biosecurity measures, animal welfare, and productive efficiency.(TRADUÇAO NOSSA)