Impacto do crescimento económico nas desigualdades de rendimento em Moçambique: 2002 - 2020

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze the impact of economic growth on income inequalities in Mozambique in the period 2002 to 2020, at the national level and regional (North, Center and South). Based on the assumption of discussions of economic theory that draw attention to the fact that economic growth increases inequalities in the first phase, and if these are not controlled they can contribute to greater social inequalities due to concentration of income and increased poverty among significant portions of the population. To to achieve this study objective, the definition of concentration indices was used, indicators of multidimensional poverty and applied the econometric method based on the analysis of regression on panel data. The results obtained suggest that economic growth, in the initial stages of development contributed to the increase in income inequality, however, after a certain period of time income inequality decreased. The estimation of the regression model, with the random effects approach, produced results showing that an increase in economic growth, measured by GDP per capita by one percentage point led to an increase in income inequality by about 0.73 percentage points, holding everything else constant and over a period of time, the increase of economic growth (measured by GDP per capita squared) by one percentage point led to a reduction in income inequality by about 0.01 percentage points, maintaining all else being equal. The results of the regression model show that economic growth had a positive impact on reducing income inequality, albeit timidly. In this context, special attention is recommended to the north and south regions that have faced high levels of deprivation of well-being indicators with a view to having inclusive growth(TRADUÇÃO NOSSA)