Análise dos factores associados a seropositividade em crianças expostas ao HIV/SIDA no Distrito da Matola, no primeiro semestre de 2022

Abstract

Seropositivity in children exposed to HIV/AIDS is a factor that is directly linked to HIV-positive pregnant women, due to non-adherence to information and prevention practices, consequently increasing the risk of vertical transmission in newborns and thus increasing the rate of positivity prevention. In this context, the present study aims to analyze the factors associated with seropositivity in children exposed to HIV/AIDS in the District of Matola, in the first half of 2022. A retrospective study was carried out, with a quantitative approach that involves a sample of 300 observations, data collection occurred from December 5th to 23rd, 2022 and the same was extended to December 28th, 2022. Statistical analysis was carried out through the application of Pearson's Chi-square test, Wall's test, Hosmer's test - lemeshow, maximum likelihood ratio test and multiple logistic regression models. Regarding the sociodemographic profile of children exposed to HIV/AIDS, 45% were male and 55% were female. In analyzing the association between sociodemographic, clinical, social and economic variables, and bivariate analysis was carried out using the chi-square test with all independent variables depending on the dependent one, where it was found that the variables that demonstrated some association were the following: medications, nutrition, late ART initiation, abandonment, viral load, religion and child's PTV. Therefore, the same variables were analyzed using logistic regression where the following variables were observed: medications, nutrition, viral load, abandonment and religion. With regard to the odds ratio, the variable that points out the mother's difficulties in feeding had the following classification (OR= 8.95; 95% CI 1.74; 45.86), as for taking medications regularly (OR= 9.042; 95% CI 2.49; 32.82, unsuppressed viral load (OR=3.74; 95% CI 1.23; 11.31), no viral load (OR=7.09; CI 1.70; 29.56) and due to dropout (OR=44.35; CI 3.20; 613.85). The study also showed that, there is a need to improve strategies and health policies in access to quality of care in child at risk consultation (CCR) and prenatal consultation (CPN), with the aim of reducing the rate of seropositivity in children exposed to HIV.