Impacto das micro, pequenas e médias empresas na redução do desemprego em Moçambique, no período entre 2010 a 2020

Abstract

This study examines the role of Micro, Small, and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) in reducing unemployment in Mozambique during the period from 2010 to 2020, considering the challenges faced by these enterprises due to natural disasters and other intervening factors. MSMEs play a crucial role in economic growth, job creation, and improving the living conditions of the population. As reported by the International Labour Organization, there is strong evidence highlighting the fundamental role of MSMEs in creating employment opportunities. Microenterprises and Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) are essential components of Mozambique's economy, characterized by their capacity to create jobs and many geographically dispersed establishments. However, these businesses faced significant challenges during the period under analysis, including natural disasters, economic fluctuations, and other intervening factors. To understand the impact of MSMEs on unemployment reduction, this study examined public policies designed to support and sustain the economic activities of these enterprises. During the period from 2010 to 2020, the Mozambican government implemented a series of measures to promote the growth and sustainability of MSMEs, including tax incentives, access to financing, and capacity-building programs. The results of this study indicate that MSMEs had a positive impact on reducing unemployment in Mozambique, despite the challenges they faced. They contributed to job creation, especially in urban and rural areas, reducing dependence on informal sector employment. Furthermore, the significant presence of MSMEs in various regions of the country helped decentralize employment opportunities, contributing to the reduction of regional disparities. This study underscores the importance of continuing to support MSMEs as an integral part of public policies aimed at promoting employment and economic growth in Mozambique. To achieve this, it is essential to maintain and enhance policies supporting MSMEs, as well as invest in measures that strengthen their resilience in the face of future challenges, such as natural disasters and economic shocks. The ongoing success of MSMEs is crucial for the economic and social prosperity of the country