Dessalinização de águas subterrȃneas da bacia do Rio Matola usando destilador solar

Abstract

One of the most recurring problems in the municipality of Matola is access to water clean for consumption. Although this region does not have great availability of drinking water piped for human consumption, there is brackish water that when passing through the desalination process it becomes suitable for human consumption. Considering the above, this work presents an experimental technical study of a social technology on solar desalination, where a distiller is built with low-cost material and easy access to the population, with the aim to desalinate water from the Matola river basin and assess the extent to which this water brackish water can be desalted. For its construction, a structure of wood and a common 4 mm thick glass (single slope), as this It is easy to build. Materials are also used that enable a better capture of solar radiation, as is the case with a metal plate with a bottom black and aluminum foil to insulate the structure, preventing heat loss. To the experiments were carried out for 12 (twelve) days, where the parameters: total dissolved solids, salinity, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen and temperature, every 48 (forty-eight) hours, with these presented an efficiency of 99% in terms of contaminant removal. At first sample of treated water, total dissolved solids, salinity and electrical conductivity, showed a reduction in their levels by 98%, in second sample, the salinity was 92% and the remaining samples in all other days showed a 99% reduction. When compared with the decree from the Ministry of Health as well as the World Health Organization, appear within the parameters. The distiller's yield did not show good result, because the average amount of water produced per day was 0.41L/m2 /day, but this can be improved with the use of an effect distiller double or pyramidal. (Tradução Nossa)