Evolução tecnológica e de produção na indústria madereira em Moçambique de 1956 a 2002

Abstract

The present work shows the evolution of the timber industry in Mozambique in the period between 1956 and 2002. The study aims to: (i) evaluate the evolution of the existing industrial park in the country (ii) make an analysis of the evolution of the existing industrial park in the country; (iii) analyze the evolution of industrial production in Mozambique during the study period. The work was done based on the literature review, based on the results obtained, there was a tendency to increase the industrial reason in the periods from 1956 to 1975 and from 1993 to 2002 and decreasing between 1976 to 1992, similarly to industrial production. Machinery showed an upward trend in terms of quantity, type and production capacity, mainly for veneer and plywood factories during the period from 1956 to 1975, while in sawmills and carpentry the change was in terms of the amount of machinery. In the veneer and plywood panel factories, the existing machinery from 1956 to 1975 was of the following type: mechanical tracing and circular saws; mechanical dryers; guillotines; singing and sheet joining machines, hot and cold hydraulic presses; sharpening machines; drying ovens, unwinders and sizers. In sawmills and millworks, the existing machinery was of two types: for working wood (saws), such as circular saws, band saws and reciprocating saws, and for working surfaces or for leveling, such as planes, thinners, molding and rigging machines. , universal, drilling, milling, gleaning, lathes and topping machines. In the sawmills surveyed, the existing machinery was such as circular bench saws, band saws, stonecutters, topejadoreas, sharpening unit and saw maintenance. The main factors that negatively influenced the performance of the industry were the war of liberation, the civil war that, on the one hand, caused the abandonment of industrial units by Portuguese entrepreneurs and, on the other hand, led to the destruction of the productive structure of the industry, through the destruction of the units of production, destruction of equipment, economic readjustment programs, shortage of skilled labor, lack of raw material to supply industries due to accessibility problems in cutting areas. In order to face these difficulties, policies and strategies have been developed with a view to developing the local timber industry, contributing to the internalization of revenues for the State, through the production of value-added wood products and rational use of wood through the reduction of wood waste.