Os khokholo e a estrutura da etnia chope no séc XIX: o problema da definição da cultura de uma população

Abstract

The present dissertation entitled “The khokholo and the structure of the draft beer ethnicity in the 19th century: The problem of defining the culture of a population” was based on a secondary bibliography and semi-structured interviews, in addition to a visit to the places where these khokholo existed. allowed the collection of some decorated pottery characteristic of the 19th century, deposited in the Department of Archeology and Anthropology of this University. The Chope in the 19th century were not a politically cohesive group, even the strongest chiefdoms such as Zavala, Guamba and Mucumbi, were divided and disintegrating due to internal struggles where the Portuguese and the State of Gaza intervened. Continuity and change can be observed over time, as well as the change of the name “ndonge” to Chope in the 19th century. The cultural definition of the population now designated as Chope varied over time, as for outsiders those communities that lived in khokholos, defended themselves with bows and arrows, and were opponents of the Nguni and those who had certain tattoos, were considered to be Chope. from the first quarter of the 20th century, Chope is already considered to be the one who speaks the language and is associated with some material aspects such as the timbilas and the bow and arrow. However, it is necessary to consider that not all chiefdoms that lived in khokholos were draft beer, as we have the macuácua and khambanes who also had this type of community structure and, in the case of the timbilas, we also have them with the tswá from the north of Inhambane . These symbols seem to belong exclusively to ethnic stereotypes, but they are not. This work is a first approach that cannot exhaust the entire issue. We are only trying to explore the image that the draft beer ethnic group has of itself based on the occupation of space and the cultural realities it evokes (TRADUÇÃO NOSSA)