Impacto do investimento no sector de estradas na redução da pobreza em Moçambique 1995-2005

Abstract

During the 1990s around 70% of the Mozambican population lived in absolute poverty. The Government of Mozambique has identified sustainable economic growth as a way to reduce absolute poverty. Within the programs for the reduction of absolute poverty (PARPA) priority investment areas were defined, where the infrastructure of roads, transport and communication are considered to be a driving factor in the expansion of the country's economic activities, and are therefore of great importance. for the reduction of absolute poverty. Therefore, this work had as main objective to analyze the impacts of policies and actions developed in the road sector for the reduction of poverty in Mozambique. The work descriptively addresses the proposed objectives. Data were collected from bulletins and statistical series published by the National Road Administration (ANE), African Development Bank (ADB) and the National Institute of Statistics (INE), and followed a descriptive analysis. To verify the relationship between investment in roads and poverty reduction, a correlation analysis was carried out, with the application of the statistical package for the analysis of social data - (SPSS 13.0). The road sector plays an important role in accessibility to markets for goods and services in Mozambique. About 98% of people had access to other parts of the country through roads in 2005 and 44% of the cargo transported was by road in the same year. In terms of the product created within the transport sector, the growth of the road sector made this means of transport responsible for around 30% of the sector's production as of 2003. From the descriptive analysis carried out, it was verified that the maintenance or rehabilitation of a road had the impact of creating agglomeration economies along the roads rehabilitated or that had been maintained. From the correlation analysis, the reclassification of roads had a low, positive correlation with real GDP and a low, inverse relationship with poverty reduction. On the other hand, the correlation coefficient improved when the variable quality of roads was introduced. The quality of the roads had a moderate positive relationship with the Real GDP and an inverse relationship with the absolute poverty index