Segurança social, análise crítica da gênese e funcionamento de um sistema: estratégias de sobrevivência dos pensionistas por velhice do distrito de Boane.

Abstract

Social security is a field of study that has not yet aroused interest in academic research in Mozambique, probably because it is still a recent sphere. The knowledge framework is almost nonexistent, so there is a great gap to be filled and it is probably premature to try to identify in detail different emphases, new directions or trends of approach based only on studies referring to contexts outside the Mozambican. Given that the disciplinary origin of the majority of researchers who in other countries are concerned with the study of social security is outside anthropology, it was decided to adopt a broader approach to its history, including studies that, regardless of the disciplinary perspective, are concerned with the study of this subject. area. The history of social security in Mozambique can go back to 1963, a period in which for the first time the State sought to provide coverage for the set of social risks, thus delimiting its attributions within the scope of social security. This action by the State also takes place in the domain of the colonial system, thus constituting one of the aspects of questioning regarding the issue of citizenship rights that the State seeks to build in the light of the social security system. After independence was achieved, there was an attempt to reorganize the system by harmonizing corporate social assistance programs for workers. State action in this period is presented only from a legal point of view, with no practical actions to cover social risks. A new scenario came about with the formation of the social security system in 1988. The conditions that gave rise to the form and location of the management of this area in the State through the INSS, constitute the first concern presented in this project. Although the project refers to social security, the privileged field of study is the strategies managed by pensioners for old age in the space of domestic groups to ensure their assistance, given the insufficient assistance provided by the INSS. In order to fulfill this objective, the study problem in reference is presented, as well as the theoretical and methodological instruments suitable for the study of this empirical reality.