Desenvolvimento e comunidade(s): interacção e conflito num projecto para a gestão comunitária dé recursos naturais. o caso de goba, província de Maputo, 1997-2002.

Abstract

The management of natural resources is a field of study that has occupied an increasingly privileged place in academic circles and among development agents given its importance for human life and for the ecological balance of the planet. The management of natural resources as an agenda point in Mozambique is integrated after independence, more specifically after the 3rd Freiimo Congress in February 1977. Here, a development strategy was adopted based on the administrative allocation of resources through centralized planning with the State as a center of accumulation. It was reaffirmed in this Congress, based on Article 8 of the Constitution of the Republic, that natural resources are the property of the State and it is it that determines the conditions of their use and exploitation (Legislation on Hunting Activity, 1978). With regard to forest resources, it should be noted that this was a phase characterized by a great degradation of these resources due to aspects such as the weak capacity of the State to manage them, the uncontrolled exploitation of forests and the little experience of technicians in this sector in management. participatory. Thus, in order to face this situation, in 1997, within the framework of the New Forest and Wildlife Policy, an alternative modality to the state management system emerged: the Community Management of Natural Resources. The Community Management of Natural Resources is understood as an instrument for the regulated use of natural resources. It is practiced by actors who have a common interest in these resources., The most important factor here is that natural resources are controlled and their use is regulated at the local level.