Frequência e factores de risco associados ao Vírus da Hepatite B (HBV) em indivíduos nfectados pelo Vírus de Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV), no Centro de Saúde do Alto-Maé, na Cidade de Maputo

Abstract

Hepatitis is an infectious disease that is a worldwide public health problem. Among the different viruses that cause hepatitis, the Hepatitis B virus (HBV), represents one of the largest global causes of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, despite the fact that the hepatitis B vaccine has been available since the 1980s. as the main objective to determine the frequency of HBV in individuals serologically positive for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), to determine their socio-demographic characteristics, to analyze some risk factors associated with HBV and to analyze the values ​​of helper T lymphocytes CD4 + in the population of study. For this study, a sample of 300 HIV-positive HIV patients from the Chronic Disease Clinic of the Alto-maé health center, who visited this health unit during the period from May to October 2009, was used to perform the count of T CD4 + and T CD8 + lymphocytes, which is carried out in the immunology laboratory of the National Institute of Health (INS), in Maputo. The presence of serological markers (surface antigen, HbsAg) for Hepatitis B was analyzed and, through a questionnaire, the risk factors associated with seropositivity for HBV were studied. The rate of HIV and HBV co-infection was also calculated. The questionnaire evaluated socio-demographic data such as: sex, age, race, marital status, educational level; and risk factors such as: number of sexual partners, previous blood transfusion, history of sexually transmitted infections, use of injectable drugs, immunization for Hepatitis B, family history of hepatitis B, alcohol and tobacco consumption, pregnancy and abortion. The data were organized in tables and graphs and analyzed statistically, using the SPSS version 15 program. An HBV frequency of 30.3% was found. The data showed a higher frequency of HBV in individuals with an average age of 34 years old, female, single marital status, black, with primary education level, with a history of sexually transmitted infection and with only one sexual partner . The risk factors associated with seropositivity for HBV that were shown to be statistically significant after the multivariate analysis were family history of hepatitis B, multiple sexual partners and pregnancy among women. From the above, it is concluded that there is an urgent need for more in-depth studies and the investment for routine testing for HBV in health services, so that there is early treatment.