Frequência dos grupos sanguíneos ABO E RH e sua associação com o perfil de pacientes com cancro da mama atendidos no Serviço de Oncologia do Hospital Central de Maputo em 2024

Abstract

Breast cancer is one of the main public health problems worldwide, being the most frequent neoplasm among women. In Mozambique, most cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, which compromises survival. International studies suggest a possible association between ABO and Rh blood groups and breast cancer, but there is no published data in the Mozambican context. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the distribution of blood groups of the ABO and Rh systems and their association with the clinical and sociodemographic profile of breast cancer patients treated at the Oncology Service of Maputo Central Hospital from January to December 2024. This is an observational – cross-sectional study, carried out using secondary data from 261 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer, collected from blood request cards and clinical records. The data collected include: sociodemographic, clinical and hematological data. The analysis was conducted using SPSS (version 21), employing descriptive statistics, Pearson's Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test when necessary, considering a significance level of 5% (p<0.05) for all comparisons. The mean age was 49.6 ± 14.0 years, with the 40-49 age group predominating (29.5%). Females represented 83.9% of cases, and Maputo province was the most frequent in terms of place of birth (41.5%). Clinically, there was a predominance of tumors in the left breast (68.6%), a higher frequency of clinical stage III (56.9%), and a prevalence of NST carcinoma (89.1%). Regarding blood groups, group O was the most frequent (59.0%), followed by A (22.6%), B (16.1%), and AB (2.3%). In the Rh system, 97.7% were positive. No statistically significant associations were found between blood groups and sociodemographic or clinical variables (p>0.05). In conclusion, in 2024, breast cancer patients at Maputo Central Hospital presented with advanced stages, mostly female, and blood type O positive. There was no statistical association between blood groups and sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Multicenter research with larger samples and molecular markers is needed to further the analysis.(TRADUÇÃO NOSSA)