Aplicação do SIG Para o mapeamento dos casos de violência doméstica - Cidade de Maputo

Abstract

Domestic violence in Mozambique is a significant and complex problem that affects thousands of people, predominantly women and children. This phenomenon is influenced by a combination of historical, cultural, social, and economic factors that shape family and gender dynamics in the country. Official data on the prevalence of domestic violence in Mozambique is limited due to underreporting and reluctance to report cases due to stigma, shame, and fear of reprisal. Furthermore, there is no spatial monitoring of this phenomenon. The city of Maputo leads the country in the number of reported violence, with over 60% of women and girls reporting having experienced some type of violence or harassment in the city. Studies show that, due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, domestic violence cases have increased in almost all countries, including Mozambique, with Maputo standing out as the city with the most recorded cases. Specifically, in 2022, the Police of the Republic of Mozambique (PRM) documented 1,937 cases that year, compared to 1,449 cases in the same period in 2021, representing an increase of approximately 33.7%. This study applied GIS to map domestic violence cases to better distribute assistance in the city of Maputo, using quantitative and quantitative methods for the period 2022. The method began with the collection of police reports from police stations in Maputo, georeferencing them, and applying the Karnel Density Estimator (KDE). The Karnel Density Estimator (KDE) was used to identify areas with the highest incidence of violence. An interview was then conducted with the Ministry of Gender, Children, and Social Action to determine the reasons for the variation in violence in Maputo. It was concluded that in the city of Maputo, domestic violence has a spatial nature, as it varies according to the social and cultural characteristics of each location. Most cases of domestic violence in the city of Maputo are concentrated precisely in suburban neighborhoods such as Chamaculo, Mafalala, Maxaquene, Inhagoia Polana, Caniço, Magoanine, and Costa de Sol, and decrease north of the city to peri-urban neighborhoods. In contrast, the urban area of ​​the city of Maputo, which has adequate infrastructure and is home to the population with greater economic power and access to quality services and low population density, has a reduced incidence and cases of domestic violence. The same is also true for peri-urban areas or expansion zones on the northern edge of the city of Maputo(TRADUÇÃO NOSSA)