Perfil de resistência antimicrobiana de Klebsiella pneumoniae em isolados de pacientes pediátricos atendidos no Hospital Central de Maputo no período de 2020 à 2022

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health threat, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where the rate of infectious diseases is high, leading to treatment failures, prolonged hospitalizations, high healthcare costs, and high mortality rates, especially in children. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance profile of K. pneumoniae in isolates from pediatric patients treated at HCM from 2020 to 2022. A retrospective, descriptive, quantitative study was conducted, including data from pediatric patients who underwent urine and blood cultures with positive results for K. pneumoniae. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0. Data from 305 patients aged 0 to 14 years were included, the majority of whom were female, 65% (198/305). A total of 18 antibiotics were tested, with an average of approximately 7 tests per patient sample. K. pneumoniae showed the highest resistance rate to ampicillin (95%) and the lowest resistance to imipenem (8%), with a sensitivity of 90%. Compared to the other age groups, the zero to one-year-old age group had higher resistance rates to all classes of antibiotics, with a weighted average of 46.26, with phenols standing out at 62.2% (271/305). The results show a worrying antimicrobial resistance profile among the pediatric patients evaluated, especially in the zero to one-year-old age group, which reinforces the importance of continuous evaluation and judicious use of antimicrobials, especially in vulnerable populations such as pediatric patients.