Avaliação da ocorrência de fungos fitopatogénicos em sementes de 5 diferentes variedades de trigo (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

Phytopathogenic fungi are responsible for significantly reducing wheat production and productivity. When they infect seeds, they can cause significant health problems, affecting seed germination, growth, and crop development, consequently compromising production success. This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of phytopathogenic fungi in seeds of five wheat varieties (G7, G8, G11, G13, and G24). The seeds were subjected to dry inspection to detect seed anomalies and health testing using the humid chamber method to identify and quantify seed-associated fungi. The anomalies detected in all varieties included discoloration, insect damage, and the presence of mycelium. Using the humid chamber method, 200 seeds per sample were analyzed using a stereoscopic microscope. The Kruskal-Wallis statistical test was performed to verify differences between varieties, and Dunn's test was also used for multiple comparisons between groups, using the adjusted p-value to identify which pairs of varieties showed significant differences in fungal incidence. Statistical analyses were performed with a significance level of 5% (p ≤ 0.05) using R software (version 4.2). The results indicated the occurrence of six genera and nine species of fungi, namely: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Colletotrichum sp., Fusarium sp., Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium solani, Microdochum oryzae, Penicillium sp., and Rhizopus sp. Among these, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium solani, and Rhizopus sp. stood out for their high incidence and occurrence in all samples. Varieties G11 and G8 showed a higher incidence of the fungus Fusarium moniliforme (76.5% and 68%). The incidence of Rhizopus sp. was higher in varieties G7 and G11 (79.5% and 79%). Variety G7 showed a higher incidence of Fusarium solani (84%). (TRADUÇÃO NOSSA)