Projecção de uma caldeira à base de serradura para geração de energia eléctrica numa serração

Abstract

The use of biomass as a renewable energy source is an alternative solution for replacing traditional fossil fuels, which are polluting. This work aims to design a boiler using sawdust as fuel for steam production, which will be used to drive a turbine coupled to a 150 kW generator. The sawdust, derived from pine wood sawing operations, is harnessed as a renewable energy source, promoting a sustainable internal energy supply within the sawmill. The designed boiler can produce 2000 kg/h of steam at a pressure of 1,27 bar. This system is designed to power the sawmill's machinery, reducing dependence on external energy sources and increasing the energy efficiency of the production process. To determine the feasibility of using sawdust as fuel, a detailed analysis of the chemical composition of pine wood was conducted through the indirect method, which allowed for the calculation of its calorific value. Based on this data, the flame temperature and boiler efficiency were calculated, with the latter determined to be 79,2%. The necessary calculations for sizing the boiler and predicting the system's performance were carried out using Excel software. Through these simulations, it was possible to verify the energy efficiency and sustainability of the proposed system. The results indicate that using sawdust as fuel is not only feasible but also advantageous from economic perspectives, contributing to waste reduction and improving energy efficiency in the sawmill.