A avaliação da eficácia da política e legislação sobre o ordenamento do território na gestão conflito de terra em Moçambique: estudo de caso das comunidades de Cubo e Canhane em Massingir (2020-2022)

Abstract

Since the mid of 1990 th , Mozambique has been promoting reforms aimed a favorable and actractive environment for national and foreign investment, including benefits os access to the use and exploitation of land and other natural resources. These reforms sought to integrate the interests of local communities in rural areas, mostly occupied by peasants. Since then, there has been an increase in conflicts i) between neighboring communities, where disputes are involved over the demarcation of boundaries between communities; ii) Conflicts within the community, which may arise between members of a family, different families or subgroups within the community itself, for example, local elites may try to unfairly claim community areas as their private land; and finally, iii) Conflicts between the community and external people, those that occur when investors or government officials acquire community land without consulting the community, creating conflicts. In this sense, as a way of mitigating and managing these conflicts, in 2007, the government drew up the Territorial Policy for use land in order to ensure the resolution of conflicts arising from such situations, through legislation on territorial planning that would serve as a basis for actions. strategic, “with a view to the correct location of activities and balanced socio-economic development” through the sustainable land use and natural resources, considering existing settlement and land occupation. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Territorial Planning Policy and legislation in resolving land conflicts in Mozambique, Massingir District and the communities of Canhane and Cubo. This study was based on the descriptive exploratory method, whose qualitative approach was based on data collected from semi-structured interviews, surveys of government structures in the district of Massingir, Administrative Post-headquarters and Locality; To measure the limits, the Geographic Positioning System (GPS) was used. From data analysis through qualitative documentary research and content analysis, it was possible to conclude that territorial planning policies must be made viable by the elaboration of Territorial Planning Tools (IOT’s) on an appropriate scale in order to allaw flexible, community delimitation