Avaliação da diversidade de espécies vegetais na região costeira da Macaneta, distrito de Marracuene, Moçambique

Abstract

The study was conducted in the Macaneta Coastal Region, Maputo Province, with the main objective of assessing the structure and diversity of plant communities. For the vegetation survey based on the vegetation use map, the region was stratified into four types of vegetation cover and the historical vegetation map of Mozambique was used for its nomenclature, in the following areas: Dune forest, Hygrophilous vegetation, Grassland and Herbaceous. Plots of 10 x 10 m were established to record and measure the diameter at breast height (DBH) using the international standard for measuring the diameter of 1.30 m trees of all individuals with DBH ≥ 5 cm, in addition to recording individuals with DBH < 5 cm and height ≥ 1 m. Subplots of 1 m2 were installed to record herbaceous species. A total of 172 species were recorded, distributed in 144 genera and 61 botanical families in the study area. The families with the greatest species richness were Fabaceae (19 species), Poaceae (15 species), Apocynaceae (9 species), Cyperaceae (9 species), Rubiaceae (9 species) and Phyllanthaceae (6 species), totaling 29.04% of the total number of species found in the study area. A total of 75 species were identified, grouped into 43 families and divided into the categories of least concern with 73 species, vulnerable with 1 species, and near threatened with 1 species. One endemic species was found, Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir, and the near endemic species found in the present study were 8, namely: Encephalartos ferox G. Bertol. subsp. Ferox, Cussonia arenicola Strey, Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn, Diospyros rotundifolia Hiern, Ozoroa obovata (Oliv.) R. Fern. & A. Fern, Dialium Schlechteri Harms, Tephrosia forbesii Baker subsp. Forbesii and Cissampelos hirta Klotzsch. The dune forest presented the greatest species richness with 69 species and 38 families, followed by hygrophilous vegetation with 66 species and 38 families, herbaceous cover with 28 species and 16 families and grassland with 28 species and 14 families. The study provides data that can be used in the conservation of local plant diversity and environmental planning. This information can help define public policies and guide economic activities that respect the environment and serve as a basis for future research(TRADUÇÃO NOSSA)