Avaliação do desempenho produtivo da cultura do Gergelim em diferentes métodos de cultivo na zona sul do país: estudo de caso da região de Umbeluzi, Distrito de Boane

Abstract

Sesame (Sesamum indicum (L.) is an ancient oilseed that has been produced for many years in various parts of the world. The oilseed subsector contributes significantly to the economy of Mozambique and as a direct source of family income in rural areas. Thus, increasing the production, productivity and quality of oilseeds is one of the premises of the Government of Mozambique, whose scope is intrinsically linked to Agricultural Research and Agricultural Extension, among other relevant factors. In this context, an internship was carried out at the Cotton and Oilseed Institute of Mozambique, IP (IAOM, IP), whose objective was to evaluate the productive performance of the Sesame Crop in different cultivation methods: a case study of the Umbeluzi region (Boane District). The experiment was conducted at the Umbeluzi Agricultural Station of IIAM, in an area of ​​0.5 hectares, from March 22, 2022 to August 24, 2022. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with four replications and four treatments corresponding to different types of cultivation methods for sesame crops, namely: T1 = Reseeding (use in irrigated land accompanied by cultural work); T2 = Retancha (use in irrigated land accompanied by cultural work); T3 = Producer (use in dryland with only one weeding and one phytosanitary control); and T4 = Extensionist (use in irrigated land with complete application of all cultural work). The monitored variables were: Plant height (AP), Number of branches per plant (NRP), Number of capsules per plant (NCP) and Grain yield. The pests and diseases observed that stood out the most were rats with 40% and powdery mildew with 50% with the greatest severity of attack on the plant. There were significant differences (p <0.05) between the monitored variables: Number of branches per plant, Number of capsules per plant and Grain yield. The best performances were obtained using the Extensionist and Reseeding methods, where significantly higher grain productivity of sesame was observed, which was 101.76 kg/ha and 76.76 kg/ha, respectively(TRADUÇÃO NOSSA)