Estudo fitoquímico e avaliação preliminar da actividade antifúngica das raízes de e lephantorrhiza elephantina, t abernaemontana elegans, x imenia americana e z anthoxylum capense

Abstract

This work is dedicated to the phytochemical study and evaluation of antifungal activity, of plants with medicinal properties, of the species Elephantorrhiza elephantina, Tabernaemontana elegans, Zanthoxylum capense and Ximenia americana, in particular to identify the main classes secondary metabolites biosynthesized by the species. These plants are used in the southern region of Mozambique in the treatment of various diseases (such as malaria, tuberculosis, amoebiasis, infections, toothache, dermatitis and lung disease). They were obtained by Soxhlet and Sonda de Ultra - Sound the raw extracts from the roots of the plants under study. The tests of identification of the main secondary metabolites were carried out by corresponding recognition reactions and indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and triterpenoids. The extracts raw materials were subjected to thin layer chromatography eluted by the EtOAc solvent system: H 2 CO 2: glacial AcOH: H 2 O (50: 5.5: 5.5: 13) and Hexane: EtOAc (8: 2). Preliminary studies made with aqueous and hydroalcoholic extracts from the roots of Tabernaemontana elegans, Ximenia americana and Zanthoxylum capense demonstrated antifungal activity on three microorganisms (fungi of the genus Asperigillus flavus, Asperigillus niger and Fusarium ssp) that are attributes the presence of flavonoids, tannins and saponins in the roots of Elephantorrhiza elephantina and American Ximenia, and alkaloids and saponins in the roots of Tabernaemontana elegans and Zanthoxylum capense the latter still has flavonoids in its composition in the aqueous extract obtained by Ultrasound Probe. Keywords: Elephantorrhiza elephantina, Tabernaemontana elegans, Zanthoxylum capense, American Ximenia, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, antimicrobial activity.