A dualidade das construções no Zimbabwe de Manyikeni: as casas de Dhaka e o Amuralhado de pedra

Abstract

The archeological station of Manyikeni, in Inhambane Province, Vilankulo District is one of the pioneering examples in Mozambique, with evidence that illustrates some similarities with other known stations of the Zimbabwe Tradition, in Mozambique and in our southern African region. The stone construction (walled Zimbabwe) present in Manyikeni is the best known inside and outside Mozambique, as it has been thoroughly studied and visited by delegations nationals and internationals. Its occupation period dates back to the 2nd Millennium AD, having been an inland-coast commercial warehouse. Its function was to control long-distance trade across the Indian, as the regional center of Greater Zimbabwe, in the current Republic of Zimbabwe. The studies carried out in Manyikeni also make it possible to understand the duality of its construction, through the typology of its architecture, in the context of the Zimbabwe Tradition: the house of dhaka housing and the stone wall. This work reconstructs the housing model in Manyikeni: the dhaka dwellings and the stone wall. Through the ethnographic sources (of the present), the reconstitution is done of the dhaka houses, still used in the countryside, all over the country, where construction techniques and the raw material used are presented for this purpose. In relation to the stone wall, the study is based on archaeological data (from the past), to interpret the architectural techniques, the typology of constructions and the viability of the stone used nearby, in relation to geology, in the context of the coastal plain, in Vilankulo, Inhambane Province. The study makes possible a better perception of the duality of the Zimbabwe construction present in Manyikeni, to reinforce social differentiation, in Manyikeni, through a theoretical approach based on Behavioral Archeology. (TRADUÇÃO NOSSA)