Obstáculos epistemológicos como fundamento na construção do conhecimento científico em Gaston Bachelard

Abstract

This Scientific Monograph has as its theme: Epistemological Obstacles as a Foundation in the Construction of Scientific Knowledge in Gaston Bachelard. With the theory of epistemological obstacles, the progress of science is understood. For, Bachelard argues that science is a dynamic and complex process, marked by advances and setbacks, by the construction and destruction of ideas. Because, in modern scientific rationality, a dogmatization of science is noted, to the extent that science was considered as absolute knowledge. Based on this conception, the Scientific Monograph seeks to answer the following question: on what premise are epistemological obstacles considered as a criterion for the progress of scientific knowledge? The main motivation to support this Monograph lies in the modern conception of science, where science was seen as a pure production and totally distinct from common sense; in fact, common sense was considered, in the words of logical positivists, a pseudo-problem. Now, Bachelard's epistemological views, based on his main work, The Formation of the Scientific Spirit, (1996). The concept of epistemological obstacles emerges as a disbelief in the great conceptions of modernity and their replacement by small knowledge, as well as the replacement of the absolute belief in science that was typical of modernity by the tortuous vision of science and full of epistemological ruptures. These are main characteristics of contemporaneity. The author criticizes the traditional view of science as absolute knowledge and defends a constructivist and dialectical conception, in which science is seen as approximate knowledge and in constant evolution. Therefore, through this conception and the problems exposed above, the Scientific Monograph intends to: i) contextualize the debate that emerges from the theory of epistemological obstacles; ii) present the main epistemological obstacles listed by Bachelard and; iii) develop possible strategies to overcome these obstacles, aiming to promote significant advances in contemporary scientific practice. The monograph is organized into three chapters.(TRADUÇAO NOSSA)