A Justiça como equidade em John Rawls enquanto fundamento de um Estado liberal-social

Abstract

This monograph is entitled Justice as equity in John Rawls as the foundation of a liberal-social State. The problem that arises is articulated as follows: can a justice system that is clear only to the most enlightened and socially stable class still be considered equitable in a context in which the majority of the population does not understand it? The general objective is to reflect on the idea of ​​equitable justice in a context of equal opportunities and principles of difference. The following are specific objectives: to contextualize the emergence of justice as equity in John Rawls; explain basic freedoms and rights and their priority within the framework of justice as equity; critically analyze the theory of justice as fairness in John Rawls. The methodology used was bibliographic research aided by the hermeneutic technique of reading, analysis and interpretation of the collected bibliographic collection. Justice as equity establishes philosophical bases for the creation of a fair society and institutions in the distribution of rights and goods; develops normative principles that should guide a just society where freedom and equality are inalienable rights and must be respected equally for all. The distribution of goods must be done in an equitable manner, avoiding inequalities resulting from unfair practices. Rawls established two principles of justice chosen under the veil of ignorance that guide institutions in the distribution of these goods among the members of the cooperative system. Principles have the role of regulating, ordering and guiding the choice of laws and fair institutions.