Ética do dever: fundamento da preservação dos valores humanos à luz do pensamento de Immanuel Kant

Abstract

The monograph is titled: The ethics of duty: foundation for the preservation of human values. The choice of theme is due to the fact that modern science, throughout its scientific research or technological inventions, has asserted itself as a denial of the existence of other human sciences to explain human reality or human behavior in society. Modern science asserts itself as "master of the universe" through the use of instrumental reason as its foundation, culminating in the domination and massive exploitation of modern humanity, as human nature, life and human experiences have increasingly experienced destruction. Therefore, the human race has encountered limits and dangers resulting from modern science, which implies a crisis of morality arising from instrumental practices such as: domestic violence, psychological violence, verbal violence, bullying, terrorism, homicide, genocide, racism, epistemic racism, escape from responsibility, short-term love relationships (prostitution), xenophobia, floods, colonization between nations or civilizations as well as individualism. In view of this episode, the ethics of duty seeks to establish, through moral law, the identification and justification of humanity's morality. Therefore, the ethics of duty offers possible responses to moral conflicts, hence the preservation of human values ​​as key criteria for the recognition of human dignity in the human universe. Human values ​​result from the establishment and mandatory fulfillment of the moral law established by the science of Kantian morality. Here is the research problem: To what extent does the ethics of duty proposed by Immanuel Kant constitute the foundation for the preservation of human values? The research has the general objective of reflecting on the ethics of duty as the foundation for the preservation of human values. The theoretical framework of this monograph is based on the ethics of duty that takes shape in the author's works. The research method is bibliographical review, supported by textual and comparative hermeneutics. The procedure leads to the uniformity of sciences and consequently proposes the preservation of human values. Therefore, the ethics of duty must be adopted. The structure of the work comprises three (3) chapters, the first of which addresses the epistemological emergence of Kant's ethical thought. The second addresses the discussion of the foundation of the ethics of duty in the face of the preservation of human values. While the last chapter addresses the critique of the ethics of duty from the perspective of discourse ethics(TRADUÇÃO NOSSA)