Mapeamento de zonas com potencial para o armazenamento de águas subterrâneas usando técnicas de deteção remota. easo de estudo bacia Hidrográfica do Umbelúzi

Abstract

The use of Remote Sensing (RD) and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques in mapping areas with potential for groundwater storage generate elements for analysis and support in the decision-making process regarding the exploitation of water resources in the basin. The objective of this work is to map underground aquifers in the Umbelúzi Hydrographic Basin using RD techniques. The mapping of underground aquifers was carried out using RD and GIS, which are innovative and advantageous tools compared to other methods due to the cost of the study. To achieve the objective of this research, the shaded relief method was used to extract the lineaments, which were prepared using data from ASTER (DEM) and Landsat 8 (OLI). Through this data, it was possible to identify structures that influence the storage of groundwater, based on aspects of the natural physical environment (soil, land use and occupation, slope, drainage density, lineament density, precipitation and geology). Knowledge of structural geology and hydrogeology were used, combined with digital processing of satellite images to confirm the existence of fractures, which were processed in the Envi 5.3 and ArcGIS 10.4.1 software. The Hierarchical Process Analysis Method (AHP) was also used in the mapping, to assist in defining the weights for the different criteria. Each map was assigned loads in its different classes and weights according to its influence. The integration of these maps and the application of the Hierarchical Analysis Method in the GIS environment allowed the preparation of the groundwater water potential map in 4 potential classes (low, medium, high and very high). From this process, areas with potential for groundwater storage were identified in the study area, as follows: the cold-dry season has low potential (5.45 km 2 ), medium potential (266.40 km 2 ), high potential (1716.32 km 2 ) and very high potential (55.79 km 2 ); the hot-wet season has low potential (17.26 km 2 ), medium potential (280.16 km 2 ), high potential (1713.64 km 2 ) and very high potential (20.28 km 2 ); and the DEM has low potential (8.08 km 2 ), medium potential (272.06 km 2 ), high potential (1692.64 km 2 ) and very high potential (74.25 km 2 ). (TRADUÇAO NOSSA)