Produção de tijolos a partir da matriz polimérica, usando resíduos de plástico, cinzas pesadas do carvão mineral, areia e pó de pedra

Abstract

Concern for the environment and environmental laws force companies to find recycling alternatives or changes in materials to replace and develop new products to maintain competitiveness in the market. With this requirement, the composite based on solid waste can be an alternative means of the ashes from thermoelectric power stations and industries, and the plastic used in our our daily life. This work proposes the use of sand, heavy ashes and stone powder as aggregate, added to aggregate, added to polyethylene plastic as binder, to produce composite. O present work aims, to develop brick from polyethylene plastic (binder), mineral coal heavy ash, sand and stone powder (aggregates), as well as, evaluate the mechanical and physical properties arising from the addition of different aggregates to polyethylene and identify the gases released in the production process. The methodology used was based on the statistical planning of mixtures, where blocks were produced with different mass composition, where the polyethylene composition was constant and always present of 35% and seven (7) different compositions of aggregates: sand 65%; ash 65%; stone powder 65%; sand 32.5% + ash 32.5%; sand 32.5% + stone powder 32.5%; ash 32.5% + stone powder 32.5% and sand 21.7% + ash 21.7% + stone powder 21.7%, and were treated with the software Statistica 8. The results show that the binary mixture (ash + stone powder) and pure (ash 65% and stone powder 65%) present optimum values of compressive strength, having 8.13 MPa for stone powder (65%) and 7.96 MPa for ash heavy ashes (65%). The bricks resulting from ternary mixtures (sand 21.7% + ash 21.7% + stone powder 21.7%) favor greater compaction and consequently greater density. In all the blocks it was observed that the water absorption is much less than 1%. After the analysis, the optimal mixture remains sufficient for the composite formulation, being the optimal mixture observed is the pure mixture (stone powder 65%) and (ashes 65%), by having higher compressive strength, lower density and low water absorption index, evidently can be applied in construction and consequently reduce the negative impact negative impact of heavy coal ash and plastic on the environment.