Avaliação do nível de exploração dos recursos pesqueiros acessíveis a pesca artesanal de arrasto no distrito de Pebane, província da Zambézia

Abstract

The present work entitled the assessment of the level of exploitation of the fisheries resources accessible to hauling artisanal fisheries in coastal district of Pebane, Mozambique's Zambézia province was conducted based on historical data between 2009-2016 provided by the National Institute fisheries research-Delegation of Zambézia, corresponding to non-industrial fishing trawl sampling to beach in the District of Pebane. Have specific objectives: identify the main species of fish caught and estimate the maximum sustainable catch and the maximum effort. Based on the results obtained from the composition, indicate that the coast of Pebane, Thrssa vitrirostris, Trichiurus lepturus, Otolithes ruber and Jhonius dussumieri are the species of fish that have been caught in recent years 2009-2016, with the average annual catch to 961.1; 522.4; 408.2; and 423.4 tons respectively. All species showed greater effort, but resulted in low extractions. However, the level of exploitation of these species is outside the biologically safe limits, which leaves fishery resources in a condition where there is concern that reproduction may be impaired because they are caught above the maximum viisustainable catch. In this regard, corrective action is needed to reduce fishing to levels that are consistent with maximum sustainable catch. In terms of catches taken in the period 2009-2016, catches have fluctuated, increasing and decreasing over the years, but overall catches have declined over the years according to CPUE obtained during the period studied. One of the environmental factors that can influence the variations in the catches is the fluctuation of the degree of salinity of the water, that is, the influence of the fresh water caused by the precipitation. These variations can be consequence of several reasons, which stand out the abundance of the shrimp, fishing effort, techniques and environmental. According to the estimated maximum sustainable production for all species for the two models, Schaefer (3702.9 t) and Fox (3969 t), there are no statistically significant differences (χ2 = 3.677 < Χ2crític = 5.991, for α = 0.05). But if the maximum sustainable effort is associated, it is noted that the FOX model has some advantage over the other, as the FMSY estimated by this model is slightly low and statistically different when compared to the estimated Schaefer (χ2 = 7.217 > Χ2crític = 5.991, for α = 0.05. In this case, the FOX model will result in relatively high yields (capture per unit of effort).