Análise da percepção dos moradores do distrito de Manica, em relação aos impactos sócio- ambientais da mineração de ouro, caso Penhalonga localidade Mharidza

Abstract

The present monograph for the conclusion of the Degree in Environmental Education aims to; a) to analyze the socio-environmental perception of the residents of Penhalonga in Manica; b) Describe the mining methods used in the exploration of gold in Penhalonga; c) Identify the residents' perception of the environmental impact of gold mining; d) Describe the socio-environmental components affected by mining. Regarding the methodological approach, the present study focused on the deductive method, starting from the general to the particular, and when the approach was qualitative. Regarding the sampling, it is not probabilistic by typicality or intentional, where 35 residents of Penhalonga aged between 16 and 60 years old were surveyed. Data collection was based on bibliographic research, semi-structured interviews, participant and natural observation, and a questionnaire. The images are georeferenced and registered by the phone connected to the stamp time application. The present study allowed us to conclude that mining, in particular artisanal, is the primary source of income in Penhalonga. However, residents realize that gold mining in this part of the country negatively affects society and the environment. It was also concluded that mining is both artisanal and industrial in Penhalonga, gold is extracted in rivers (alluvial), and in the mountains (reaf). The recurring socio-environmental impacts are land disputes between mining companies, prospectors and residents, destruction of access roads, bridges, places of worship, residences, traditional production of social life, proliferation of STDs. Dropouts in schools, early marriages, constant premature deaths in accidents at work, particularly in artisanal mines in underground mines. Therefore, it is recommended to apply the Environmental legislation in force and other legal instruments in the decision-making process in contracts with industrial mining companies and always ask to review their management plan environmental (TRADUÇÃO NOSSA)