Determinação das pedras preciosas usando métodos da física moderna

Abstract

With the development of the gemological industry in Mozambique, the need arises for a specialized institution, endowed with a technical-scientific capacity to control the quality of the precious stones produced. In fact, in the gemological market it is often faced with the problem of the existence of synthetic gemstones, which can be confused with natural stones. One of the main tasks of a gemologist is, therefore, to determine whether a gem is natural or synthetic. These determinations are of great importance because a gem is natural or synthetic. These determinations are of great importance because a natural gem can be worth hundreds of times more than its synthetic counterpart. The authenticity of a gem is determined from its physical properties and in this case, the application of the methods of Physics in the determination of precious stones is of great economic and scientific importance. The work is limited to the assembly programs of a gemological laboratory in the Department of Physics at Eduardo Mondlane University. The work consists, as the title suggests, in the determination of precious stones using methods of modern Physics and is divided into three chapters: In the first chapter, he describes, based on related literature, the general properties of some precious stones in Mozambique, the physical methods and equipment for determining precious stones and the methods of handling errors in experimental observations. Chapter three is dedicated to the study of laser reflectography methods applied to the study of cut gemstones, which consists of the analysis of the spatial distribution of the reflected and transmitted light through a cut gemstone, in the sense that the reflectogram (as it is called the image obtained) is characteristic for a given cut gemstone, also serving for the purposes of diagnosis. In the last part of the work, conclusions and recommendations are made.