Diagnóstico laboratorial das Micoses superficiais, cutâneas e oportunistas

Abstract

The internship was carried out in the Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Mycology sector, and had as objectives; to learn techniques used in this Laboratory for the identification of pathogenic fungi; to estimate the frequency of fungal infections (mycoses) and to identify the most implicated etiological agents. The internship was carried out in two phases. The first phase was of technical adaptation to the Laboratory and took place in the period between March and May of the current year. The second phase was the realisation of all the protocoled activities, and took place between July and October 2006. The main activities developed were: preparation of culture media; collection, registration and processing of samples (preliminary and definitive identification of pathogenic fungi); participation in the practical classes of the discipline of Medical Microbiology and in a study of Tinea capitis in children of the SOS village - Maputo. The reason for the internship lies in the desire to learn the techniques of diagnosis of fungi and desire to alert the Clinicians on the occurrence of mycoses. During the internship, the Mycology sector processed 169 samples for fungal research, of which 144 were from skin scrapings, 13 from bronchoalveolar lavage, 8 from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and 4 from biopsied tissue. The percentages of isolation of etiological agents in superficial and cutaneous mycoses were: Microsporum audouini (33.3%); Trichophyton violaceum (21.6%), T. mentagrophytes (13.7%), T. rubrum (13.7%), T. tousurans (2%); Epidermopytpon floccosum (2%) and Candida albicans (13.7%). Malassezia furfur was identified in the direct examination and its isolation in culture media was not necessary. From opportunistic mycoses it was possible to isolate C. albicans (72.7%), Aspergillus fumigatus (18.2%) and (9.1%) Cryptococcus neoformans; It was not possible to identify trophozoites or Pneumocystis carinii cysts. Most of the patients that attended the Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine complained of superficial and cutaneous Mycoses; Few samples were received for the research, of opportunist fungi. During the training period it was concluded that the laboratory diagnosis of mycoses is very important because it helps the clinician in his decisions in order to establish the appropriate treatment (TRADUÇAO NOSSA)