Avaliação da plantação florestal de espécies nativas na recuperação e conservação da Serra da Gorongosa

Abstract

Reforestation with native species is an important alternative to guarantee the recovery of degraded ecosystems. The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of planting native trees for the recovery of degraded areas of Serra da Gorongosa (SG), in the administrative posts of Nhamadzi and Vundudzi. For this purpose, a census of individuals with a base diameter greater than 1 cm was made in 4 areas along the Nhambanba, Nhamapande, Nhachoco, Murombodzi rivers and in 2 elevated areas (near the Nhandare river and in the Plantar pela vida area) in the plantations of 2007 and 2008/9. Three 80x50m plots were also established in non-degraded areas namely: above the Murombodzi River Cascades, between the Nhandare River arms and close to the Vundudzi River. In this context, the following variables were determined: Abundance, Density, Dominance, Frequency, Importance Value Index, MacGuines Index, Jaccard Index and Survival. In addition, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 47 families in the communities affected by the recovery project. The results show that from 2007 to 2009, 13 species were planted that show good health. The greatest contribution in terms of IVI and growth came from the species: Khaya nyasica (IVI = 157.6%), Afzelia quanzensis (IVI = 71.2%), Albizia rotundifolius (IVI = 53.6%) and Melia azedarach (IVI = 46.4). On the other hand, in the non-degraded areas, 24 species were found, of which: Albizia antecedifolia, Albizia rotundifolius, Brachystegia spiciformis, Bridelia micrantha, Pterocarpus angolensis and Shortia Brachypetala were used in the plantation. Newtonia buchanamii and Brachystegia boehmmi were the most representative in the non-degraded area, with IVI values ​​of 80.82% and 41.75% respectively. Regarding the species richness evaluated by the Jaccard Index, there is a low similarity between the plantation and the non-degraded area (Ij = 0.19). The distribution pattern of the species planted by the MacGuinnes index indicates that both in riverside areas and in elevated areas it is uniform. Regarding the non-degraded area, the species Albizia antecedifolia, Combretum sp, Dracaena mannii, Erythrophloeum suaveolens, Ficus capreifolia, Ficus sp, Khaya nyasica and Trema orientalis have uniform distribution, (TRADUÇÃO NOSSA)