Metodologias de crédito agrário no Chókwè, 1954-2001

Abstract

Agricultural credits were initially granted with a view to supporting the establishment of Portuguese newcomers to Regadio do Chókwè as colonists in 1954. Under pressure from international and internal policies, it was only in 1959 that peasants from the region began to be admitted to the Colonato the Limpopo, under certain conditions imposed by the colonial government. As settlers, Mozambican producers, within Regadio, began to have access to agricultural credit under the same conditions as Portuguese settlers. These credits were granted by credit institutions, created by the colonial government, with the aim of supporting farmers in the development of agriculture and strengthening the Portuguese economy in the metropolis. However, the other category of producers, the “peasants in the fruition of the land”, benefited from the credits granted by the cantineiros of Chókwè. With Independence, the colonial system was dissolved and the private sector nationalized, including macharhbas and banking, giving way to a new policy of national development, which was based on agriculture. Thus, following the Second Congress of the FRELIMO Party, in 1977, the population was concentrated in communal villages, state farms and agricultural production cooperatives were created, with the aim of collectivizing the population. During this period, the BPD was responsible for development, becoming the main financer of agriculture. However, although the financing of private machambas and the family sector was foreseen, most of the credits were for the state farms that, due to the lack of experience of the technical and managerial staff, went bankrupt and were redistributed to the population. In the mid-1980s and 1990s, there was a^^?(formulation of the existing policy, which meant the transformation of a series of mechanisms of production, commercialization and, mainly, of action of the financial market. There was a rapid growth. informal sector in cities and, to a lesser extent, in rural areas. Since most of the population is in the countryside, several non-governmental organizations, among which, some focused on the micro-finance area, directed the their activities for rural development, however, adopting different methodologies. However, because agriculture is a very vulnerable activity and the inability of the peasants to provide collateral guarantees, weak support is provided both by the state, as well as by NGOs, in order to finance the However, the support provided by NGOs in providing credit for trade in rural areas is an indirect way of financing agriculture, since the largest part of the products sold in these areas are agricultural products (TRADUÇÃO NOSSA)