O reajustamento estrutural e o seu impacto em Moçambique -1982-1997: uma abordagem histórica

Abstract

In 1987, the Mozambican government, after an agreement with the IMF and the BM, introduced an Economic Rehabilitation Program (PRE) with the following objectives: to ensure the continued growth of production, especially in agriculture; strengthen the Balance of Payments position; rehabilitate physical infrastructure and industrial capacity; reduce internal and external financial imbalances; reduce administrative interventions in the economy and strengthen the role of institutions in programming and monitoring the implementation of policies; and reduce poverty. As the program was introduced in a situation of war, much could not be done and, as a result, many of these objectives were not achieved, although the country had achieved some appreciable economic developments. Since the beginning of the program, there has been massive evolution in the devaluation of the national currency, reduction in real wages and cuts in budget allocations for health, education and food, measures that have had negative repercussions on the most vulnerable strata. Despite the economic growth that has been registered, the social cost of structural readjustment has been extremely high. It has aggravated regional imbalances, increased social differentiation and increased the part of the Mozambican population that lives in extreme poverty. Basic services, and at least the most vulnerable population, came under increasing pressure as a result of changes in economic policy. It is estimated that 70% of the population still lives in extreme poverty, and chronic malnutrition affects 36% of children under three years of age, and that the average daily food intake in calories corresponds to only 79% of basic needs. The study presented below intends to make a historical approach on the Impact of Structural Readjustment in Mozambique, analyzing the standard of living, Health and Education, employment and the impact of the privatization process on the workforce and the external debt and its impact on The work covers the period between 1982 and 1997 and for methodological reasons, the essence of the approach will be made in four large chapters: the first deals with the economic and financial crisis that led the country to become a member of the IMF and the BM as well as the introduction of the PRE, a brief summary of the essential objectives intended with the work, of the presuppositions by which the investigation is guided. The second is dedicated to the analysis of the Economic Rehabilitation Program (PRE) since 1987-1990 and the introduction of PRES in 1990-1997. The central issue of the study is addressed in the third chapter, and the fifth presents the conclusions. The main conclusion drawn from the work is: the economic and financial crisis, the destabilization caused by the RAS, natural phenomena and some imbalances in macroeconomic management, led the country to become a member of the IMF and the BM and consequently the introduction of the PRE in 1987, after having agreed the final form of the economic reform program with the BWIs. The critical social situation in Mozambique is the result of both the war and the PRE (TRADUÇÃO NOSSA)