Machanga no séc. XIX em conflito com os portugueses e nguni; uma reconstituição da história político-social de uma região ao sul de Sofala

Abstract

The present work approaches the political-social history of the Machanga region in the century. XIX. It encompasses a timeline that goes from 1811 to 1896, whose objectives are: Establish a relationship between the Portuguese economic and mercantile interest with the first attempt to conquer the region. -' Find in the Nguni domination the reasons for the emergence of new clan identities in the region. With its development, it is expected to reconstitute the social-political situation lived in the region in the century. XIX with the advent of the Portuguese and the Nguni. It incorporates four chapters; the first presents the objectives, work hypotheses, methodology and sources, where the main ideas of the problematic of sources in the study of the region are exposed, especially with regard to the period prior to the 20th century. XIX. In the second chapter, geographic and historical aspects are touched upon, whose main focus is the existing links between the physical-natural characteristics and the name of the region and the region's previous relations with the ancient kingdoms of Madanda and Quiteve. As for the third and fourth chapters, they are reserved for an approach to the main causes and scope of the first attempt at military conquest of the region by the Portuguese, carried out in 1811 by the governor Antônio José de Ruxleben and the Nguni domination in the region from 1835 and its social-political impact.

The conclusions highlight the consequences of a social nature that came from the Nguni domination and assimilation policy, which point to the emergence of new clan identities and the now extinct habit of men piercing their ears as the main focus of the Nguni presence in the Machnaga region. . It is also shown, in this part, that the military campaigns conducted by Antônio José de Ruxleben in 1811 did not have the desired end, as, in less than a year after the region was conquered, it returned to its previous situation of political autonomy, perhaps due to incapacity at the time of the Portuguese establishing an effective domain in the evenings. And that the end of the Nguni domination in the region meant the beginning of the effective occupation of the region by the Portuguese thanks to the action of the Companhia de Moçambique in 1896.