Acordo de Nkomati: esforços pela paz e coexistência pacifica entre os estados da região Austral de África 1975-1988

Abstract

The independence of states in the southern region of Africa, when breaking the so-called sanitary cord created by the colonial administrations, with a view to ensuring the survival of the Apartheid regime, generated the isolation of South Africa and undermined the hegemony of this country. In light of this, relations between South Africa and the newly emerging states experienced political tension, which was aggravated by the respective states' embrace of the ANC's political cause and the creation of an institution with a view to reducing its economic dependence on South Africa, the SADCC. In response, South Africa adopted a regional policy based on the destabilization of the respective States, which prompted them to review their political stakes and respond to the imperative of signing platforms of understanding with the regional bastion, South Africa. It is in this context that Mozambique and South Africa signed the Nkomati agreement on March 16, 1984, a pact that could not, however, halt the ongoing military hostilities in the two countries, given the nature of the agreement, the complexity of the disputes and the international political environment. However, it opened a new political era in the region characterized by diplomatic initiatives aimed at resolving disputes at the expense of military confrontations. The deterioration of South Africa's capacity to sustain its regional and colonial policy, in conjunction with the start of economic sanctions by the international community, the revelation of atrocities committed by RENAMO, the armed wing of the SADF in Mozambique, the multiplication of pressures international campaigns against the Reagan administration and the South African government, with a view to reviewing their political ties and the start of joint actions by the political and military superpowers of the time, the United States of America and the USSR, allowed for the creation of an environment favorable to peace in Mozambique and to peaceful coexistence between the states of the region(TRADUÇÃO NOSSA)