A evolução do sistema bancário em Moçambique, 1975-1992

Abstract

In May 1975 it was created for the Banco de Moçambique, which replaced the Banco Nacional Ultramarino in the functions of issuing and commercial bank; the new bank also performed the functions of the central bank in a banking system that was made up of other institutions, namely the branches of Banco de Crédito Comercial e Industrial and Banco Comercial de Angola, headquartered in Luanda, branches of Banco do Fomento Nacional and Banco Pinto and Sotto Mayor, nationalized in Portugal, Banco Standard Totta de Moçambique, Casa Bancária da Beira, Caixa Econômica do Montepio de Moçambique and Instituto de Crédito de Moçambique, a state institution. This banking structure lasted about two and a half years; in general, the functioning of the system in this period was marked by many negative aspects for the Mozambican economy, namely a permit for acts of sabotage such as the country's decapitalization, accompanied by staff flight, and also the difficulty of framing the banks. others in the objectives advocated by the Government. So on December 31, 1977, the banking system was restructured. The new structure comprised 3 banks, respectively Banco de Moçambique and Banco Popular de Desenvolvimento, state institutions, and Banco Standard Totta de Moçambique, a private bank. A restructured banking functioned accordingly and within a centrally planned economy and tried, with reasonable success, to bring the banking system closer to the masses. In 1984, Mozambique entered the IBWS and in 1987 introduced the Economic Rehabilitation Program. From then onwards, the functioning of banking institutions changed, starting to focus on greater efficiency or better, the financing of planned projects was replaced by the new economic rationality. Within this framework, other instruments were created to respond to the new economic reality; Here we highlight the creation of the Caixa de Crédito Agrícola e de Desenvolvimento Rural (1987) to respond mainly to agricultural development, the separation of commercial functions from the centrals in the Bank of Mozambique, creating the Banco Comercial de Moçambique (1992), the authorization of two Portuguese banks in Mozambique (1992). This last measure was made possible by Law 28/91, which allows the installation of new banks in Mozambique.