Análise das relações socioeconómicas entre o sector familiar e a madal com enfoque no acesso a terra, mercado de trabalho e comercializaçao de copra

Abstract

The main objective of this work is to analyze the socio-economic impact of the relationship between the family sector and the madal company in Bajone; that is, to understand to what extent the needs of households in relation to access to land, the employment market and agricultural products are satisfied with the presence of madal. To do so, it was necessary to analyze the access and land use systems; forms of labor selection and marketing of copra, composition, size and sources of income; analyze production and survival systems of households; types of existing conflicts and their motivations; and identify the goods and services provided by the parties. The survey of the necessary information was based on a literature review, in the first phase of the work. The second phase consisted of gathering information in the field through informal conversations and semi-structured interviews, submitted to 70 households stratified into two equal groups (madal workers and non-workers) and l4 key informants. The survey results show that access to land in the community is through family ties (inheritance) and there is no land conflict between community members, only between the community and madal. Businesses own the fertile land in the region while peasants use marginal land. Peasants resort to non-farm income sources to survive, given reduced agricultural productivity and employment opportunities. Due to the lack of land, food crops are now produced more in coconut plantations than in the past. Coconut is the main cash crop. The methods of labor selection (by affinities) and copra marketing (through intermediaries) used by madal are dubious, so peasants prefer to sell their coconuts to outside buyers. The results also show that the relationship is conflictual, due to problems of access to land, labor and commercialization of copra. From the results, it was concluded that the socio-economic impact of the relationship is negative given the limited services provided by the madal. Motivated by its economic collapse and mainly by the problems of access to land. Madal's failure to provide agricultural inputs, goods and services increases peasants' dependence on land, reduces land productivity, incomes and negatively affects household survival, leading to a decline in peasants' living standards and consequently aggravation of the conflict of interests between the parties. In theoretical terms, the articulation between madal and peasants in the past can be understood as an example of dualism: the two sectors were independent, but maintained strong commercial and labor relations with mutual benefits. Currently, this articulation no longer exists: the two sectors coexist almost independently, but both suffer from the effect of this disarticulation. As for the future of the two sectors, it can be hypothesized as an example of neo-populists: the peasants, becoming detached from their “boss” will probably be able to survive