Causas de mudanças de cobertura florestal no corredor da Beira

Abstract

The present work was carried out in the Beira Corridor located in the provinces of Sofala and Manica. It aimed to identify the causes that contribute to the change in forest cover throughout this period. To this end, a survey was carried out to identify the didctrites that are crossed by the Corridor, as well as information related to the geographic location, its extension, the number of population per district, the most frequent types of vegetation along it, based on the map. of use and forest cover of 1999. To achieve this objective, a data survey was also carried out based on semi-structured interviews with farmers and peasants, in addition to the description of the existing vegetation before, therefore 1992 and current to estimate until how different land and resource uses affect forest cover change (FCM). The difference between these areas allowed us to estimate the rates of deforestation and changes in the forest cover of the Beira Corridor between 1991 and 1999. Infrastructures (forest and non-forest) that directly or indirectly affect the change in forest were also identified. forest cover. The results indicate that agriculture, wood and charcoal logging, wood logging and forest fires are the main activities that cause changes in forest cover in the Beira Corridor. On the other hand, the Textil factory in Chimoio was identified as one of the non-forestry companies that contribute a lot to MCF, followed by the bakery and hotel industries. Further, it was concluded that the income activities of the local population such as agriculture and the exploitation of firewood and charcoal greatly boost the MCF. On the other hand, the results indicate that the greatest forest conversions are transformed into open scrub, where the most didtruid forest types are lowland forests (closed and open) and wooded grassland. The highest percentage of annual change by vegetation type is middle amngal followed by closed lowland forest and the lowest is open lowland forest. About 49.9% of the areas of reduced vegetation convert to agriculture and the remaining 50.1% to grasslands and infrastructure expansion. The largest areas The annual deforestation rate of the Beira Corridor was estimated at 1.17% while the forest cover rate was estimated at 25.3%.