Estratificação da autoridade tradicional sua relação com a utilização comunitária dos recursos naturais na ilha do Bazaruto

Abstract

Bazaruto Island is inhabited by an important sub-group of the Mozambican rural population, an artisanal fishing community that lives off the use of natural resources from marine, lake and terrestrial ecosystems. The concern to improve their living conditions by the central government, NGOs1 and international organizations has mobilized efforts to make funds available to finance the functioning of the GNP. The study aimed to understand population dynamics recognizing the importance of socio-economic demographic events and cultural factors and distinct occupational way of life, characterized by technological, sociological and economic criteria of the fishing community in the context of socio-economic development on fishing handmade. Technologically, this artisanal fishing community employs artisanal boats, rowing, landing on the beach for fishing. The shooting and prey pulling devices in spearfishing are manually operated. The detection of shoals and maritime navigation are carried out with naked eyes, without the use of an electronic device* for this purpose. In sociological terms, the island community is organized in internally hierarchical family lineages, establishing a traditional authority based on a system of cultural values ​​and beliefs, in which the ancestral spirits and rituals play a preponderant role. The denial followed by the instrumentalization that traditional authority suffered during the colonial period, and the marginalization followed by its replacement by the Dynamizing Groups that operated after National Independence, placed it in a difficult position to fit into formal government and even to research today. . However, the traditional system of life still has strong effects on production, nomenclature of family members, social organization, and health. Among the fishing community, the participation of members of the kinship group and the owner of the boat and fishing net in the working groups prevails. The standard of remuneration for work favors sharing systems, rather than a fixed salary or arrangements of proportions of interests; socialized professionalization and training within the group and workplace and housing. There are no infrastructures or credit and support services on the island. community. The inexistence of streets means that the few cars that are there, circulate in open roads either through the hotel complexes or through the PNB. The supply of clean drinking water, including an adequate market, fish processing, storage or conservation facilities, nutrition, hygiene and health standards are poor. Economically, the fishing community of the islanders obtain low and irregular incomes; and applies intensive rather than capital intensive production methods. The exploration of non-renewable natural resources, free access to fresh water and land, in competition with the hotel complexes and medium and large-scale fishing units located on the continent, is a dominant tonic.(TRADUÇÃO NOSSA)