Moçambique : estratégias das multinacionais e o seu impacto no investimento directo estrangeiro

Abstract

The promotion of the image and attraction of investment, particularly of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is on the agenda of economic policy makers in several countries, most of them developing. Using several alternative theories to the traditional international trade theory and in a case study of Mozambique, the present work intends to (i) investigate the strategies used by the government in attracting FDI, the competitive strategies of the national business community vis-à-vis the penetration of foreign companies and the strategies that lead multinational companies (MNCs) to invest in a particular country or region, as well as the compatibility between the different strategies and also (ii) analyze the impact of multinational strategies on FDI and its impact on promoting economic growth and development . The evidence from the literature review was tested through a case study involving the Government (Investment Promotion Center, CPI), national and multinational companies. Three questionnaires were designed to collect information and two databases were created using the statistical package (Statistical Package for Social Scientist - SPSS). National and multinational companies were selected on a sectoral basis from the list of the 100 largest companies in Mozambique (2003). Based on the literature and statistical analysis tools of the SPSS package, it can be concluded that: Mozambique does not have a strategy particularly aimed at attracting FDI. Efforts to attract and promote investment, particularly FDI, are part of the country's overall development agenda. Government and local businesses should understand the regional and international strategies of foreign investors (private and public sector), particularly South African strategies, and learn to use them strategically to build knowledge and productive capacities in the country. FDI promotion actions by the government are quite relevant as a necessary condition, but they will not be enough to attract foreign direct investors as they follow global strategies (offensive or defensive strategies in relation to their also global rivals). Links between FDI and local firms are weak and local investment capacity is weak. Given Mozambique's investment incentive structure, many FDI projects generate very few fiscal linkages. It is important to continue with the reduction of entry constraints, reducing the number of procedures, duration of the process and the cost involved in the process of registering and licensing companies. It is necessary to review the labor and land law, making them more flexible, and easier to comply with and apply. The CPI needs to be an independent agency and the supervision of its activities should be the responsibility of the various ministries, as investment attraction activities involve all sectors of activity, in addition to the One Stop Shop concept. what is intended to be the CPI, implies the understanding and integration of all processes and institutions with which the investor will be in contact in the practice of its activity.