Influência do paludismo na química da urina

Abstract

Malaria caused by P. falciparum is one of the most frequent tropical diseases and is the leading cause of death from parasitic disease. In many cases serious and serious injuries occur, both at the level of the brain and at the level of the kidney. The latter and their complications are the ones that lead to renal failure and, in case of inadequate follow-up, the patient can evolve to death. This work aims to study the urinary metabolites during the malaria illness, as well as, after its treatment, in order to determine their importance in both periods. Urine samples were collected at the Hospital Geral do Chamanculo, from 97 patients, between 15 and 25 years of age, of both sexes, who only presented malaria caused by P. falciparum. For direct diagnosis of malaria, the thick smear technique using Giemsa staining at 5% was used. The degree of parasitaemia was registered in terms of crosses, a method standardized by MISAU, in Mozambique. In a 1-phase, urine samples were collected before treatment. In the 2nd phase, one week after the treatment, the initial urine study was repeated in the same patients and thus the changes between both samples were compared. For urine analysis, the semi-quantitative chemical techniques of urine through “Multistix 0 9” strips and the microscopic technique of the sediment were used. The analysis of the results of the work shows that there are statistically significant differences, in 12th place for the case of proteins, followed by ketonuria, bilirubinuria, urobilinogen, blood and pH with regard to the semi-quantitative chemical study of urine (strips), not the same happens in the case of leukocytes, nitrites and glucose. At the level of the urinary sediment, we verified that for the case of epithelial cells and leukocytes, they give us significant values, with the exception of erythrocytes. Other results of interest are also found, such as greater sensitivity and specificity in the semi-quantitative chemical technique of urine. Another interesting result presented in the work was the increase in pH after treatment. It is also analyzed, although not in statistical terms, other tables such as the one related to parasitaemia in the studied individuals (by sex before treatment), individuals with parasitaemia after the treatment and even the one of parasitized individuals by sex and age group.