Indução de calos de duas variedades de mandioca - manihot esculenta,crantze estudo da biossintese de glicosideos lanogénicos a nível celular

Abstract

In order to establish an in vitro callus culture and determine the concentrations optimal results of auxins, cytokinins, sugars and study of the biosynthesis of cyanogenic glycosides at the cellular level in cassava, the present work was carried out. Calluses were established either from leaves or stems of both varieties. To determine the best concentration of cytokinin and sugar auxins, three experiments were performed using explants from leaves and stems of the two varieties. The first experiment consisted of varying the doses of 2,4-D in the interval between (lpM and 14pM), keeping the kinetin and sugar concentrations constant. In the next experiment, the kinetin concentration was varied in the range between (1 pM and 10pM). In the last experiment, the sugar concentration was varied between (0.01M and 0.1M). Then, from established calluses, glycosides were extracted using the method of Bradbury et al. (1994). The optimal concentration of 2,4-D for callus induction from P.A. stems was 5.5 pM and for M.M. was 5.9 pM. The optimal concentration of 2,4-D for callus induction from P.A. leaves was in the range between 3.5 pM and 10.5 pM and for M.M. between 4.6 pM. and 11.8 pM. The optimal kinetin concentration for callus induction from P.A. stems was between 2.5 pM and 7.7 pM and for M.M. between 3.87 pM and 6.5 pM. The optimal kinetin concentration for callus induction from P.A leaves was in the range of 2.75 pMe9.1 pMe for M.M. between 3.87 pM. e6.5 pM. In the experiment related to sugar concentration, only the experiment related to the PA leaf was considered, which had the optimal sugar concentration for the induction of callus 0.057 M. As for the biosynthesis of cyanogenic glycosides, there were differences in the cyanide content between the calluses subjected to different temperatures and pH.