Estudo de valores normais de leucocitos e de sub-populações de linfocitos T em indivíduos Moçambicanos adultos sem manifestações aparentes de doença

Abstract

80 adult individuals (>=15 years), with no evidence of disease symptoms, were studied with the aim of determining the concentration values ​​of total lymphocytes, and T lymphocyte subpopulations, in the peripheral blood of normal individuals and their reference ranges . Of the number studied, half were male (blood donors, H.C.M. blood bank) and the other half female (women attending family planning consultations at the health centers of Polana and Alto-maé). Of the 7 ml of venous blood, collected from each subject included in the study, the following analyzes were performed: (1) determination of total leukocyte concentration, by a count in the Neubauer chamber, (2) leukocyte formula by a differential count "staining de Romanowsky", (3) lymphocyte separation, by the density gradient centrifugation method in Histopaque "Sigma Chemicals" and (4) identification and counting of T lymphocyte subpopulations using the APAAP technique "DANO Laboratories, USA" and visualizing in a conventional light microscope. All samples were previously screened for anti-HIV antibodies using a commercial ELISA test, discarding all those that were found to be positive. Creating a microcomputer database and using the Lotus 1-2-3 program and its spreadsheet, the concentration values ​​of total leukocytes, total lymphocytes and T lymphocyte subpopulations were determined, as well as the ratio between these studied subpopulations. The individuals were grouped by sex and compared to the mean values ​​of concentration of cell populations, applying the Student t test, which revealed for p>0.05 a significant difference in the mean values ​​obtained for each group. With the help of the MICROSTAT program, cell populations were checked for normal distribution of their values ​​using the chi-square test for the quality of fit to a normal distribution. Consequently, the mean and respective standard deviations were estimated to establish the limits of the reference intervals. The effect of age on the concentration values ​​of the studied cell populations was evaluated by the Student t test after grouping the individuals, age groups 15-24 years: 25-34 years and > 35 years, analyzing them by sex and by age groups in different sexes. The female gender presented a significant difference between the 15-24 and 25-34 age groups for p<0.05 regarding the mean values ​​of the concentration of TI 1 lymphocytes (CD11); T4 lymphocytes (CD4); T8 lymphocytes (CD8) and total lymphocytes attributed to uncontrolled factors in the individuals studied. When comparing age groups of opposite sexes, significant differences were only found in the 15-24 age group. Variations in T4, T8 and Tll lymphocyte counts were controlled by determining the reproducibility rate, which for all cell phenotypes at 90% and therefore considered acceptable by us. The values ​​obtained in this study, being low in relation to others reported by other authors, draw attention to the relevance of this study and are in accordance with the variations already described from one geographic region to another. Subsequent studies may prove the applicability of the values ​​obtained in the clinical diagnosis of certain immunodeficiencies, facilitating the refinement of the limitations of the technique for use in the conditions of the country. (TRADUÇÃO NOSSA)