Degradação de solos e movimentos populacionais no posto administrativo urbano de Muatala-Cidade de Nampula

Abstract

The high population density found in the large cities of Mozambique is primarily caused by the migration of most of the population from the countryside in search of better living conditions. This situation has evolved over the last 15 years, involving the resident population and potential outsiders interested in taking up residence in the areas of the expanding cities. The lack of a land occupation plan, allied to the increasing pressure of the population coming from the countryside and the outskirts of the city, transformed the Administrative Post of Muatala and other peripheral areas of the city of Nampula into a center for the construction of precarious and well-maintained houses. messy. Thus, this work intends to analyze the causes of the dynamics of soil degradation and its relationship with the population of that Post. In response to the objectives established for the conception of this work, this work was based on a bibliographical review, field work carried out using information concerning data on types of housing, population, socio-economic activities and direct observation with the aid of semi-structured interviews in a sample of 43 heads of households. The results of the study show that a large part of the population residing in the neighborhoods of Mutauanha and Mutauanha-Piloto comes from the province of Zambézia, in a regime of displaced persons from the civil war, and a part of it comes from cement areas; the latter are supposed to have leased or sold their flats to other tenants. In the neighborhood of Muatala, individuals from other neighborhoods live and most of the interviewees are young people whose parents have returned to their original areas. The most common type of land use is housing construction. Due to the advanced state of soil degradation that takes place there, however, there is less trend in the construction of farms or weekend houses. This fact conditions the population to make machambas outside the urban belt. In the Mutauanha district, the ravines tend to be deeper because the population gradually builds not only houses towards the west of the Npuecha river, but also extracting sand for sale, which allows for the runoff of water further downstream in the district.(TRADUÇÁO NOSSA)