Relação entre a expansão urbana e a actividade pesqueira: estudo de caso do bairro da Costa do Sol

Abstract

The district of Costa do Sol is part of the suburban districts of the city of Maputo, constituting a transition area from the maritime to the terrestrial environment. In this neighborhood, there are two forms of space occupation - ordered and disordered, the latter corresponding to the residential space of most artisanal fishermen. The study was based on the analysis of aerial photographs from two periods, 1979 and 1996, and on the collection of data in the field using structured and unstructured interviews. In the analysis of the field results, descriptive, comparative and deductive methods were used. The results obtained from the analyzes carried out reveal that there have been changes in the occupation of space over the last 24 years in the study area. Thus, it was found that the land continues to be used in a rather disorderly way and with little efficiency, either because of the location of the allocation of spaces not guided by any strategic plan, or because of the density of use and the rules to be applied. Associated with these aspects, speculation on the area's soils grows. The study also found that the income of artisanal fishing is affected by physical-natural factors (temperature and precipitation) and socio-economic-cultural factors (failure of companies, low wages and the abandonment of traditional habits). In addition to fishing, the study identified civil construction/carpentry and the provision of services as other sources of income generation for fishermen. It was also found that in all artisanal fishing centers in the area under study, fishermen develop forms of mutual help for their survival (informal credit, rental of fishing materials and provision of services). And, in case they are banned from fishing, a greater proportion of artisanal fishermen point to agriculture, commerce and civil construction as their alternatives for survival.(TRADUÇÁO NOSSA)