Análise do impacto ambiental dos aglomerados urbanos: o caso da cidade de Chibuto

Abstract

The urban periphery appears in natural and political-historical contexts, namely, the floods and the last armed conflict. The affected population came to take refuge in the city and as the interior of the city was already occupied, it was forced to occupy peripheral places in the city. The conditions for the reception of these displaced from an urban and environmental point of view were not prepared, that is, the incorporation of partial urbanization plans and the adoption of environmental and framing measures in urban activities that were adequate to the housing and population increases were not carried out. . The focus of this work is to identify the forms of action of the different social actors that endanger the urban environment in the city of Chibuto, and to contribute to the definition of strategies that can allow a sustainable management and development of urban agglomerations in the study area in particular and urban environments related in general. In order to obtain the desired results, the following methods were used: bibliographical, cartographic, fieldwork and statistical review. The first allowed us to obtain theoretical-conceptual bases and an assessment of the level of information available on the problem under study; the second was fundamental in preparing the field work for the identification of physiographic characteristics and the subsequent mapping of a significant part of the problem under study. Field contact with the problem was based on direct observation and semi-structured and informal interviews. The statistical treatment of the problem in order to allow its quantitative perception was based on the production of tables and graphs in Excel. The photointerpretation technique was used to compare the density of the built environment from the center to the urban periphery. As a corollary of the above, the most relevant problems found are the following: (i) deforestation; (ii) lack of a Structure and/or Urbanization Plan; (iii) built environment in areas prone to erosion; (iv) opening of perpendicular paths for the daily circulation of people and cattle from the high areas to the low areas; (v) cohabitation of housing and livestock spaces; (vi) many access roads built outside an urbanization plan and houses built on some access roads; (vii) proliferation of masonry houses covered with zinc sheets that end up causing erosion; (viii) incipient basic sanitation; (ix) direct discharge of waste and unrecycled water into the Changane River; school and health networks that do not grow in proportion to the growth of the user population and (x) water and electricity supply services that are still far from satisfying demand levels. Low socio-economic status; the lack of urbanity of the majority of the population; the institutional and/or financial "rickets" of the municipal authorities on the one hand and the weak inter-institutional synchronization on the other hand explain the environmental problems raised here.(TRADUÇÁO NOSSA)